1 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
沔水出武都沮縣東狼谷中。The Mian Shui River originates from Lang Gu in the east of Juxian, Wudu.
2 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
沔水一名沮水。闞駰曰：以其初出沮洳然，故曰沮水也，縣亦受名焉。導源南流，泉街水注之，水出河池縣，東南流入沮縣，會于沔。沔水又東南逕沮水戍，而東南流注漢，曰沮口，所謂沔漢者也。Another name for the Mian Shui is Ju Shui. Kan Yin said: "Because it initially emerges in a marshy and damp area, it is called Ju Shui, and the county also derives its name from this." The river flows southward from its source. Quanjie Shui joins it; the Quanjie Shui originates in Hechi Xian, flows southeast into Juxian, and converges with the Mian Shui. The Mian Shui then flows southeast past Jushui Shu, continues southeast into the Han River at a place called Ju Kou. This is what is referred to as the confluence of Mian and Han rivers.
3 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
《尚書》曰：嶓冢導漾，東流為漢。《山海經》所謂漢出鮒嵎山也。東北流得獻水口。庾仲雍云：是水南至關城合西漢水。漢水又東北合沮口，同為漢水之源也。故如淳曰：此方人謂漢水為沔水。孔安國曰：漾水東流為沔。蓋與沔合也。至漢中為漢水，是互相通稱矣。沔水又東逕白馬戍南，濜水入焉。水北發武都氐中，南逕張魯城東。魯，沛國張陵孫，曾學道于蜀鶴鳴山，傳業衡，衡傳于魯，魯至行寬惠，百姓親附，供道之費，米限五㪷，故世號五㪷米道。初平中，劉焉以魯為督義司馬，住漢中，斷絶谷道，用遠城治，因即崤嶺，周迴五里，東臨濬谷，杳然百尋，西北二面，連峯接崖，莫究其極，從南為盤道，登陟二里有餘。濜水又南逕張魯治東，水西山上有張天師堂，于今民事之。庾仲雍謂山為白馬塞，堂為張魯治。東對白馬城，一名陽平關。濜水南流入沔，謂之濜口。其城西帶濜水，南面沔川，城側二水之交，故亦曰濜口城矣。沔水又東逕武侯壘南，諸葛武侯所居也。南枕沔水，水南有亮壘，背山向水，中有小城，迴隔難解。沔水又東逕沔陽縣故城南，城，舊言漢祖在漢中，蕭何所築也。漢建安二十四年，劉備并劉璋，北定漢中，始立壇，即漢中王位于此。其城南臨漢水，北帶通逵，南面崩水三分之一，觀其遺略，厥狀時傳。南對定軍山，曹公南征漢中，張魯降，乃命夏侯淵等守之。劉備自陽平關南渡沔水，遂斬淵首，保有漢中。諸葛亮之死也，遺令葬于其山，因即地勢，不起墳壟，惟深松茂柏，攢蔚川阜，莫知墓塋所在。山東名高平，是亮宿營處，有亮廟。亮薨，百姓野祭，步兵校尉習隆、中書郎向充共表云：臣聞周人思召伯之德，甘棠為之不伐；越王懷范蠡之功，鑄金以存其像。亮德軌遐邇，勳蓋來世，王室之不壞，寔賴斯人，而使百姓巷祭，戎夷野祀，非所以存德念功，追述在昔者也。今若盡順民心，則黷而無典，建之京師，又逼宗廟，此聖懷所以惟疑也。臣謂宜近其墓，立之沔陽，斷其私祀，以崇正禮。始聽立祀斯廟，蓋所啓置也。鍾士季征蜀，枉駕設祠。塋東，即八陣圖也，遺基略在，崩褫難識。沔水又東逕西樂城北，城在山上，周三十里，甚險固，城側有谷，謂之容裘谷。道通益州，山多羣獠，諸葛亮築以防遏。梁州刺史楊亮，以即險之固，保而居之，為苻堅所敗，後刺史姜守、潘猛，亦相仍守此城。城東容裘溪水注之，俗謂之洛水也。水南導巴嶺山，東北流，水左有故城，憑山即險，四面阻絶，昔先主遣黃忠據之，以拒曹公。溪水又北逕西樂城東，西北流注于漢。漢水又左得度口水，出陽平北山，水有二源：一曰清檢，出佳鱯；一曰濁檢，出好鮒。常以二月、八月取之，美珍常味。度水南逕陽平縣故城東，又南逕沔陽縣故城東，西南流注于漢水。漢水又東，右會溫泉水口，水發山北平地，方數十步，泉源沸湧，冬夏湯湯，望之則白氣浩然，言能瘥百病云。洗浴者皆有硫黃氣，赴集者常有百數。池水通注漢水，水漢水又東，黃沙水左注之，水北出遠山，山谷邃險，人跡罕交。溪曰五丈溪，水側有黃沙屯，諸葛亮所開也。其水南注漢水，南有女郎山，山上有女郎冢，遠望山墳，嵬嵬壯高，及即其所，裁有墳形。山上直路下出，不生草木，世人謂之女郎道。下有女郎廟及擣衣石，言張魯女也。有小水北流入漢，謂之女郎水。漢水又東合襃水，水西北出衙嶺山，東南逕大石門，歷故棧道下谷，俗謂千梁無柱也。諸葛亮《與兄瑾書》云：前趙子龍退軍，燒壞赤崖以北閣道，緣谷百餘里，其閣梁一頭入山腹，其一頭立柱于水中。今水大而急，不得安柱，此其窮極，不可强也。又云：頃大水暴出，赤崖以南橋閣悉壞，時趙子龍與鄧伯苗，一戍赤崖屯田，一戍赤崖口，但得緣崖與伯苗相聞而已。後諸葛亮死于五丈原，魏延先退而焚之，謂是道也。自後按舊脩路者，悉無復水中柱，逕涉者浮梁振動，無不搖心眩目也。襃水又東南逕三交城，城在三水之會故也。一水北出長安，一水西北出仇池，一水東北出太白山，是城之所以取名矣。襃水又東南得丙水口，水上承丙穴，穴出嘉魚，常以三月出，十月入地。穴口廣五六尺，去平地七八尺，有泉懸注，魚自穴下透入水。穴口向丙，故曰丙穴，下注襃水。故左思稱嘉魚出于丙穴，良木攢于襃谷矣。襃水又東南歷小石門，門穿山通道，六丈有餘。刻石言：漢明帝永平中，司隸校尉犍為楊厥之所開。逮桓帝建和二年，漢中太守同郡王升嘉厥開鑿之功，琢石頌德，以為石牛道。來敏《本蜀論》云：秦惠王欲伐蜀而不知道，作五石牛，以金置尾下，言能屎金。蜀王負力，令五丁引之成道。秦使張儀、司馬錯尋路滅蜀，因曰石牛道。厥蓋因而廣之矣。The Book of Documents says: "From Bozhong, the Yang was guided eastward into the Han." This is what the Classic of Mountains and Seas refers to as the Han River originating from Fuyu Shan. It flows northeastward and receives the Xian Shui Kou. Yu Zhongyong said: "This river flows south to Guancheng, where it joins the Xi Han Shui." The Han Shui then converges northeastward with Ju Kou; together they form the source of the Han River. Therefore, Ru Chun said: "People in this region refer to the Han Shui as Mian Shui." Kong Anguo said: "The Yang Shui flows eastward and becomes the Mian." This is presumably where it converges with the Mian. When it reaches Hanzhong, it becomes known as the Han Shui; thus, they are used interchangeably in reference to each other. The Mian Shui flows eastward past the southern side of Baoma Shu, where the Yong Shui joins it. The river originates in the north from Wudu Di Zhong and flows southward past the east side of Zhang Lu Cheng. Lu was the grandson of Zhang Ling from Pei Guo. He once studied Daoism at Heman Mountain in Shu. The teachings were passed down to Heng, who then transmitted them to Lu. Lu practiced benevolence and generosity; the people loved and trusted him, providing expenses for his religious activities. Each household contributed five dou of rice, hence this sect was known as the Wu Dou Mi Dao (Five-Dou Rice Sect). In the middle of Chuping, Liu Yan appointed Lu as Du Yi Sima and stationed him in Hanzhong. He cut off mountain passes to isolate the city from outside forces. Taking advantage of the natural terrain at Xiao Ling, he built a fortress with a circumference of five li. To the east, it overlooks a deep valley that is mysteriously over one hundred xun (approximately 500 meters) in depth; on its northwest side, continuous peaks and cliffs stretch beyond sight. A winding path from the south leads upward for more than two li to reach the fortress. The Yong Shui flows further south past the east side of Zhang Lu's administrative seat. On the western mountain above this location stands the Zhang Tianshi Hall, which is still venerated by local people today. Yu Zhongyong refers to the mountain as Baoma Sai and the hall as Zhang Lu Zhi. Facing it to the east is Baoma Cheng, also known as Yangping Guan. The Yong Shui flows southward into the Mian Shui at a place called Yong Kou. The city is situated with the Yong Shui to its west and faces southward toward the Mian River. Since it lies at the confluence of these two rivers, it is also called Yong Kou Cheng. The Mian Shui again flows eastward past the south side of Wu Hou Lei, which was where Zhuge Wu Hou resided. To its south lies the Mian Shui; to the south of the river is Liang Lei. The site faces water and backs onto a mountain, with a small city in the middle that is surrounded and difficult to access. The Mian Shui further flows eastward past the southern part of the old site of Mianyang Xian. The city is said to have been built by Xiao He when Emperor Gaozu of Han was in Hanzhong. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219 AD), Liu Bei annexed Liu Zhang and pacified Hanzhong in the north. He then established an altar here, where he was crowned King of Hanzhong. The city faces the Han Shui to its south and is connected by major roads to the north. About one-third of its southern side has collapsed into the river; observing its remnants, its general appearance can still be discerned. Facing it to the south is Dingjun Shan. When Cao Cao led a southern campaign against Hanzhong, Zhang Lu surrendered and ordered Xiahou Yuan and others to defend the area. Liu Bei crossed the Mian Shui from Yangping Guan, defeated Xiahou Yuan, and secured control of Hanzhong. When Zhuge Liang died, he left instructions to be buried on the mountain. Following his wishes, they used the natural terrain and did not build a mound or tomb; only tall pines and dense cypress trees grew there, covering hills and plains so that no one could identify the exact location of his burial site. To the east of the mountain is a place named Gaoping, where Zhuge Liang once set up camp; there is also a temple dedicated to him there. After Zhuge Liang's death, the common people made sacrifices in the fields. Bu Bing Jiao Wei Xi Long and Zhongshu Lang Xiang Chong jointly submitted a memorial stating: "Ministers have heard that the people of Zhou revered Duke Zhao Bo's virtue to such an extent that they refrained from cutting down the mulberry tree under which he once rested; the King of Yue honored Fan Li's achievements by casting a statue to preserve his image. Zhuge Liang's virtue and conduct were renowned near and far, his achievements overshadowing those of future generations. The stability of the royal house truly relied on such a person. Yet allowing common people to make sacrifices in alleys and frontier tribes to perform wild rites is not an appropriate way to preserve virtue, remember merit, or recount past deeds. If we now fully follow the people's wishes, it would be disrespectful and lack proper ceremony; establishing a temple in the capital would also be too close to the ancestral temples. This is why wise rulers hesitate. We believe it appropriate to build a temple near his tomb in Mianyang, put an end to private rites, and promote the proper rituals. The court finally approved the establishment of this temple; it was thus initiated. Zhong Shiji, during his campaign to conquer Shu, made a special visit to establish a shrine. To the east of the tomb is the site of the Ba Zhen Tu (Eight Diagrams Formation). Some remnants remain, but much has collapsed and become unrecognizable. The Mian Shui continues eastward and flows north of Xile Cheng. The city is located on a mountain, encircling thirty li in circumference; it is very perilous and strong. Beside the city there is a valley called Rongqiu Gu. The road connects to Yizhou, but the mountains are inhabited by many tribes of Liao people; Zhuge Liang built this city to guard and contain them. Liang Zhou Cishi Yang Liang, taking advantage of the city's natural strength and strategic position, occupied it for defense but was defeated by Fu Jian. Later cishis such as Jiang Shou and Pan Meng also successively held this city. The Rongqiu Xi Shui flows into the city from its east side; it is commonly known as Luoshui. The river originates from Baling Shan to the south, flows northeastward. To its left is an old city; it relies on the mountain for natural defenses and is surrounded by impassable terrain on all sides. In the past, Emperor Xianzhu Liu Bei sent Huang Zhong to occupy this place in order to resist Cao Cao. The Xi Shui continues northward past the east of Xile Cheng, then flows northwestward into the Han River. The Han Shui receives another tributary, Du Kou Shui, on its left bank. It originates from the northern mountains of Yangping. This river has two sources: one is Qingjian, which emerges from Jiayu; the other is Zhuojian, emerging from Haofu. The water is often collected in the second and eighth lunar months; it has a consistently delicious and precious taste. Du Shui flows southward past the eastern side of the old city of Yangping Xian, then further south past the eastern side of Mianyang Xian's former city, and finally flows southwestward into the Han Shui. The Han Shui flows eastward again, and on its right bank converges with Wenquan Kou. The water originates from level ground in the northern part of a mountain; it covers an area of several dozen bu (approximately 15 meters). The spring gushes vigorously all year round, flowing continuously whether in winter or summer. Looking at it, one sees white vapor rising abundantly; people say that this water can cure a hundred illnesses. Those who bathe in the spring often detect a sulfur-like smell, and crowds of visitors numbering in the hundreds frequently gather there. The pool water flows into the Han Shui; continuing eastward, the Han Shui is joined on its left by Huangsha Shui. This river originates from distant mountains to the north, where deep and perilous valleys rarely see human footprints. The stream is called Wuzhang Xi; along its banks lies Huangsha Tun, which was established by Zhuge Liang. The water flows south into the Han Shui. To its south is Nülang Shan, on which stands a tomb called Nülang Zhong. From afar, the mountain and tomb appear grand and towering; but upon approaching the site, one finds only a faint outline of a burial mound. A straight path descends from the top of the mountain; no grass or trees grow along it, and people call this trail Nülang Dao. Below is a temple dedicated to Nülang and a stone used for pounding clothes; these are said to be associated with the daughter of Zhang Lu. A small stream flows northward into the Han Shui, known as Nülang Shui. The Han Shui again flows east and converges with Bao Shui. The Bao Shui originates from the northwest of Yaling Shan, flows southeastward past Dashi Men, through a deep valley beneath an old plank road; this is commonly called Qianliang Wuzhu (a thousand beams without pillars). In his letter to his elder brother Jin, Zhuge Liang wrote: "Previously, Zhao Zilong withdrew the troops and burned down the plank roads north of Chiya. Along the valley for more than one hundred li, each beam of these roads had one end embedded in the mountain body and the other supported by a pillar standing in water." Now that the river is large and swift, it is impossible to place stable pillars. This marks its extreme limit; one cannot force otherwise. It also says: "Recently, a sudden flood burst forth and completely destroyed the bridges and plank roads south of Chiya. At that time, Zhao Zilong was stationed at Chiyatun for farming with Deng Bemiao; one group guarded Chiyakou. They could only communicate by following the cliffside to reach Deng Bemiao." Later, Zhuge Liang died at Wuzhangyuan. Wei Yan withdrew first and set fire to the roads; this was referring to that route. Afterward, those who repaired the road according to its original design no longer used pillars in water. Travelers crossing it would feel their floating beams tremble; none could avoid feeling unsettled and dizzy. The Bao Shui flows southeastward past Sanjiao Cheng, a city located at the confluence of three rivers. One river originates to the north of Chang'an, one flows from northwest Chouchi, and another comes from northeast Taibai Shan. This is why the city was named Sanjiao Cheng. The Bao Shui further flows southeast to Bing Kou, where it receives the Bing Shui. This water originates from a cave known as Bing Xue; this cave produces fine fish, which typically emerge in March and retreat underground by October. The entrance of the cave is about five to six chi wide, located several chi above level ground. A spring flows downward from it; fish naturally pass through the cave into the water below. The mouth of the cave faces Bing, hence its name Bing Xue. The spring flows downward into Bao Shui. Therefore, Zuo Si remarked that the fine fish emerge from Bing Xue and excellent trees gather in Bao Gu. The Bao Shui again flows southeast through Xiaoshi Men, a tunnel carved through the mountain with a length of more than six zhang. Inscribed stone records state: "During the Yongping period of Emperor Ming of Han, this was excavated by Yang Jue, a Sili Jiao Wei from Jianwei." By the second year of Jianhe under Emperor Huan, the Tai Shou of Hanzhong and fellow native Wang Sheng praised Yang Jue's meritorious work in excavating this passage. He carved stone inscriptions to extol his virtue, naming it the Shiniu Dao (Stone Bull Road). Lai Min's "Ben Shu Lun" says: "King Hui of Qin wanted to attack Shu but did not know the way, so he made five stone bulls and placed gold at their tails, claiming they could excrete gold." The King of Shu, who was strong-armed, ordered five laborers to pull the bulls and thus a road was made. Qin then sent Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo along this route to conquer Shu; hence it became known as the Shiniu Dao. Yang Jue expanded upon this existing road and widened it further.
4 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
《蜀都賦》曰：阻以石門。其斯之謂也。門在漢中之西，襃中之北。襃水又東南歷襃口，即襃谷之南口也。北口曰斜，所謂北出襃斜。襃水又南逕襃縣故城東，襃中縣也，本襃國矣，漢昭帝元鳳六年置。襃水又南流入于漢。漢水又東逕萬石城下，城在高原上，原高十餘丈，四面臨平，形若覆瓮。水南遏水為阻，西北竝帶漢水。其城宿是流雜聚居，故世亦謂之流雜城。漢水又東逕漢廟堆下，昔漢女所遊。側水為釣臺，後人立廟于臺上，世人覩其頹基崇廣，因謂之漢廟堆。傳呼乖實，又名之為漢武堆。非也。The "Shu Du Fu" says: "Defended by the Stone Gate." This is precisely what it refers to. The gate lies west of Hanzhong and north of Baozhong. The Bao Shui then flows southeast through Bao Kou, which is the southern entrance to Bao Gu (Bao Valley). The northern entrance is called Xia, hence the phrase "northward exit of Bao and Xia." The Bao Shui continues southward, flowing past the eastern side of the former city of Bao Xian. This was Bao Zhong Xian; originally it belonged to the state of Bao, and was established as a county in the sixth year of Yuanfeng under Emperor Zhao of Han. The Bao Shui then turns southward and flows into the Han River. The Han Shui again flows east, passing beneath Wanshi Cheng. The city lies on a high plateau; the elevation of this plateau is more than ten zhang (approximately 30 meters), and it overlooks level ground on all four sides, its shape resembling an overturned jar. To the south, water is blocked to form a barrier; to the northwest, it runs alongside the Han Shui. This city has long been inhabited by a mix of wandering and miscellaneous populations, so people also call it Liuza Cheng (Mixed Population City). The Han Shui further flows east past the site of Hantemple Dui, a place once visited by women from the Han dynasty. Beside the river is a fishing terrace; later generations built a temple on top of it. Observers, seeing its grand and elevated ruins, thus called it Hantemple Dui. The name was passed down incorrectly; it is also mistakenly referred to as Hanwu Dui. No, that is not correct.
5 打開字典沔水:
東過南鄭縣南，It flows eastward past the southern area of Nanzheng Xian,
6 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
縣，故襃之附庸也。周顯王之世，蜀有襃漢之地，至六國，楚人兼之。懷王衰弱，秦略取焉。周赧王二年，秦惠王置漢中郡，因水名也。《耆舊傳》云：南鄭之號，始于鄭桓公。桓公死于犬戎，其民南奔，故以南鄭為稱。即漢中郡治也。漢高祖入秦，項羽封為漢王。蕭何曰：天漢，美名也。遂都南鄭。大城周四十二里，城內有小城，南憑津流，北結環雉，金墉漆井，皆漢所脩築，地沃川險，魏武方之雞肋。曰：釋騏驥而不乘焉，皇皇而更求。遂留杜子緒鎮南鄭而還。晉咸康中，梁州刺史司馬勳斷小城東面三分之一，以為梁州漢中郡南鄭縣治也。自宋、齊、魏咸相仍焉。水南即漢陰城也，相承言呂后所居也。有廉水出巴嶺山，北流逕廉川，故水得其名矣。廉水又北注漢水。漢水右合池水，水出旱山，山下有祠，列石十二，不辨其由，蓋社主之流，百姓四時祈禱焉。俗謂之獠子水，夾溉諸田，散流左注漢水。漢水又東得長柳渡，長柳，村名也。漢太尉李固墓，碑銘尚存，文字剥落，不可復識。漢水又東逕胡城南，義熙十五年，城上有密雲細雨，五色昭彰，人相與謂之慶雲休符。當出曉而雲霽，乃覺城崩，半許淪水，出銅鐘十二枚，刺史索邈奉送洛陽，歸之宋公府。南對扁鵲城，當是越人舊所逕涉，故邑流其名耳。漢水出于二城之間，右會磐余水，水出南山巴嶺上，泉流兩分，飛清派注，南入蜀水，北注漢津，謂之磐余口。庾仲雍曰：磐余去胡城二十里。漢水又左會文水，水，即門水也，出胡城北山石穴中。長老云：杜陽有仙人宮，石穴宮之前門，故號其川為門川，水為門水。東南流逕胡城北，三城奇對，隔谷羅布，深溝固壘，高臺相距。門水右注漢水，謂之高橋溪口。漢水又東，黑水注之，水出北山，南流入漢。庾仲雍曰：黑水去高橋三十里。諸葛亮《箋》云：朝發南鄭，墓宿黑水，四五十里。指謂是水也，道則百里也。this xian was formerly a vassal of Bao. During the reign of King Xian of Zhou, Shu controlled the regions of Bao and Han; by the Warring States period, these areas were incorporated into Chu. When King Huai of Chu weakened, Qin gradually annexed them. In the second year of King Nanwang's reign (313 BC), King Hui of Qin established the Hanzhong Jun, named after the river. The "Qi Jiu Zhuan" says: "The name Nanzheng originated with Duke Huan of Zheng." Duke Huan died at the hands of the Quanrong, and his people fled southward; thus they were called Nanzheng. This was also the seat of Hanzhong Jun. When Emperor Gaozu entered Qin, Xiang Yu enfeoffed him as King of Han. Xiao He said: "Tianhan is a beautiful name." He thus made Nanzheng his capital. The great city had a circumference of twelve li; within it was a smaller city. To the south, it relied on the flowing river for defense, and to the north, it formed a ring of fortifications. The golden walls and lacquered wells were all constructed during the Han dynasty. The land is fertile but the terrain dangerous; Wei Wu compared it to a chicken's rib. He said: "To release a qiji (a fine horse) and not ride it, yet anxiously seek something else." He then left Du Zixu to garrison Nanzheng before returning. During the Xiankang period of the Jin dynasty, Liangzhou Cishi Sima Xun demolished one-third of the eastern section of the smaller city, using it as the seat for Nanzheng Xian under Hanzhong Jun and Liangzhou. From the Song, Qi, to the Wei dynasties, this arrangement was consistently maintained. To the south of the river is Hanyin Cheng; it has been traditionally said to be where Empress Lü resided. The Lian Shui River originates from Balingshan Mountain, flows northward through Lian Chuan, and thus the river acquired its name. The Lian Shui then flows north to join the Han Shui River. To the right, the Han Shui converges with Chi Shui. The Chi Shui originates from Hanshan Mountain; beneath the mountain there is a shrine with twelve stone pillars arranged in line, their origins unclear. They are presumably related to Shezhu (earth gods), and common people pray to them throughout the four seasons. Locals call it Liaozi Shui; it irrigates fields on both sides and disperses to flow into the Han Shui from the left. The Han Shui flows eastward again to reach Changliu Du, which is a village named Changliu. There is the tomb of Taiwei Li Gu from the Han dynasty; its stele and inscriptions still exist, but the characters have worn away and can no longer be recognized. The Han Shui flows further east past the southern side of Hucheng. In the fifteenth year of Yixi, there was dense cloud and fine rain on top of the city, displaying five colors clearly; people together regarded it as an auspicious omen of peace. Just as dawn was about to break, the clouds cleared, and it became evident that half of the city had collapsed into the water. Twelve bronze bells were found; Cishi Suo Miao presented them to Luoyang and returned them to the mansion of Song Gong. Facing it to the south is Bianque Cheng; this was likely a place where the Yue people once traveled, and thus its name has been passed down through the local settlement. The Han Shui flows between the two cities, converging on its right with Panyu Shui. This river originates from Balingshan in Nanshan Mountain; its spring splits into two streams, one clear and flowing rapidly, branching southward to join the Shu Shui and northward to flow into the Hanshui estuary, known as Panyu Kou. Yu Zhongyong said: "Panyu is twenty li away from Hucheng." The Han Shui then converges on its left with Wenshui. This water is also known as Men Shui, originating from a stone cave in the northern mountain of Hucheng. Elders say: "Duyang has a palace of immortals, with the stone cave serving as its front gate; thus this valley is called Men Chuan and the river Men Shui." It flows southeast past the northern side of Hucheng, where three cities stand in an odd formation opposite each other, separated by valleys and spread out. Deep gullies and solid fortifications are interspersed with high platforms at a distance from one another. The Men Shui flows into the Han Shui on its right, known as Gaoqiao Xikou. The Han Shui continues eastward, with Hei Shui flowing into it; this river originates from the northern mountain and flows south to join the Han. Yu Zhongyong said: "Hei Shui is thirty li away from Gaoqiao." Zhuge Liang's "Jian" says: "Departing from Nanzheng in the morning, camping by Heishui at night—about forty to fifty li." This refers to this river; however, the actual route is one hundred li.
7 打開字典沔水:
又東過成固縣南，又東過魏興安陽縣南，涔水出自旱山北注之。It flows further east past the southern area of Chenggu Xian, then again eastward past the southern side of Aiyang Xian in Weixing. The Cen Shui originates from the north of Hanshan Mountain and flows into it.
8 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
常璩《華陽國志》曰：蜀以成固為樂城縣也。安陽縣故隸漢中，魏分漢中立魏興郡，安陽隸焉。涔水出西南而東北入漢，左谷水出西北，即壻水也。北發聽山，山下有穴水，穴水東南流歷平川中，謂之壻鄉，水曰壻水。川有唐公祠。唐君字公房，成固人也，學道得仙，入雲臺山，合丹服之，白日升天，雞鳴天上，狗吠雲中，惟以鼠惡留之，鼠乃感激，以月晦日，吐腸胃更生，故時人謂之唐鼠也。公房升仙之日，壻行未還，不獲同階雲路，約以此川為居，言無繁霜蛟虎之患，其俗以為信然，因號為壻鄉，故水亦即名焉。百姓為之立廟于其處也，刊石立碑，表述靈異。壻水南歷壻鄉溪，出山東南流，逕通關勢南，山高百餘丈，上有匈奴城，方五里，濬塹三重，高祖北定三秦，蕭何守漢中，欲脩北道通關中，故名為通關勢。壻水又東逕七女冢，冢夾水，羅布如七星，高十餘丈，周迴數畮。元嘉六年，大水破墳，墳崩，出銅不可稱計。得一塼，刻云：項氏伯無子，七女造墎。世人疑是項伯冢。水北有七女池，池東有明月池，狀如偃月，皆相通注，謂之張良渠，蓋良所開也。壻水逕樊噲臺南，臺高五六丈，上容百許人。又東南逕大成固北，城乘高勢，北臨壻水。水北有韓信臺，高十餘丈，上容百許人，相傳高祖齋七日，置壇，設九賓禮，以禮拜信也。壻水東迴南轉，又逕其城東而南入漢水，謂之三水口也。漢水又東會益口水，出北山益谷，東南流注于漢水。漢水又東至灙城南，與洛谷水合。水北出洛谷，谷北通長安，其水南流，右則灙水注之，水發西溪，東南流合為一水，亂流南出際其城，西南注漢水。漢水又東逕小成固南，州治大成固，移縣北，故曰小成固城。北百二十里有興勢坂，諸葛亮出洛谷，戍興勢，置烽火樓處，通照漢水。東歷上濤，而逕于龍下，蓋伏石驚湍，流屯激怒，故有上、下二濤之名。龍下，地名也。有丘槨墳墟，舊謂此館為龍下亭。自白馬迄此，則平川夾勢，水豐壤沃，利方三蜀矣。度此溯洄從漢，為山行之始。漢水又東逕石門灘，山峽也。東會酉水，水北出秦嶺酉谷，南歷重山與寒泉合。水東出寒泉嶺，泉湧山頂，望之交橫，似若瀑布，頹波激石，散若雨灑，勢同厭原風雨之池。其水西流入于酉水。酉水又南注漢，謂之酉口。漢水又東逕嬀虛灘，《世本》曰：舜居嬀汭，在漢中西城縣。或言嬀虛在西北，舜所居也。或作姚虛，故後或姓姚，或姓嬀，嬀、姚之異是妄，未知所從。余按應劭之言，是地于西城為西北也。漢水又東逕猴徑灘，山多猴猿，好乘危綴飲，故灘受斯名焉。漢水又東逕小、大黃金南，山有黃金峭，水北對黃金谷，有黃金戍，傍山依峭，險折七里。氐掠漢中，阻此為戍，與鐵城相對。一城在山上，容百餘人；一城在山下，可置百許人。言其險峻，故以金鐵制名矣。昔楊難當令魏興太守薛健據黃金，姜寶據鐵城，宋遣秦州刺史蕭思話西討，話令陰平太守蕭坦攻拔之。賊退酉水矣。漢水又東合蘧蒢溪口，水北出就谷，在長安西南，其水南流逕巴溪戍西，又南逕陽都坂東，坂自上及下，盤折十九曲，西連寒泉嶺。Chang Qu's "Huayang Guozhi" says: "Shu administered Chenggu as Yuecheng Xian." Aiyang Xian was originally under Hanzhong; in the Wei dynasty, Hanzhong was divided to establish Weixing Jun, and Aiyang came under its jurisdiction. The Cen Shui flows out from the southwest and enters the Han to the northeast; a left-side valley stream originates from the northwest, which is also known as Xu Shui. It originates from Ting Shan to the north; beneath the mountain is a cave spring. This spring flows southeast through flat plains, known as Xu Xiang, and its water is called Xu Shui. There is a Tang Gong Shrine in this plain. Tang Jun, courtesy name Gongfang, was a native of Chenggu. He studied the Dao and attained immortality, entering Yuntai Mountain to prepare cinnabar pills which he consumed, ascending to heaven in daylight. His rooster crowed in the sky, his dog barked among the clouds; only the rat, out of malice, remained behind. The rat was deeply moved and, on the last day of the lunar month, expelled its entrails and regenerated, thus people at that time called it Tang Shu (Tang's Rat). On the day Gongfang ascended to immortality, his wife had not yet returned and could not accompany him on the path to heaven. She vowed to dwell in this plain, believing it free from dangers like heavy frost or tigers; the local people accepted her belief as true, hence naming the place Xu Xiang. Thus, the river was also named after it. The common people built a temple there and carved stone steles to record its miraculous events. The Xu Shui flows south through Xu Xiang Xi, emerging from the mountain and flowing southeast. It passes through Tongguanshi to the south; this mountain is over one hundred zhang high, with a Xiongnu Cheng on top covering five li in area. Three layers of deep trenches were dug there. When Emperor Gaozu pacified the three Qins to the north, Xiao He was defending Hanzhong and wished to repair the northern route connecting Guanzhong; thus it was named Tongguanshi. The Xu Shui then flows east past Qinü Zhong, where the mounds are situated on both sides of the river, arranged like the Seven Stars. Each mound is over ten zhang high and spans several mu in circumference. In the sixth year of Yuankai, a great flood destroyed the tombs; when they collapsed, an immeasurable amount of bronze was unearthed. One brick was found with an inscription reading: "Xiang Shi Bo had no son; the seven daughters built this tomb." People of later generations have doubted whether it is the tomb of Xiang Bo. To the north of the water is Qinü Chi, and to its east is Mingyue Chi. The latter resembles an inverted crescent moon; all these pools are interconnected by channels known as Zhangliang Qu, presumably constructed by Zhang Liang himself. The Xu Shui flows past the southern side of Fankui Tai; this platform is five to six zhang high and can accommodate about a hundred people on top. It then flows southeast past the northern area of Dachenggu; this city is built upon high ground, with the Xu Shui to its north. To the north of this water is Han Xin Tai, over ten zhang in height and capable of accommodating about a hundred people. It is said that Emperor Gaozu observed seven days of fasting, built an altar, arranged the nine-banquet ceremony, and paid homage to Han Xin with great ritual. The Xu Shui turns eastward then southward, flowing past the eastern side of the city and entering the Han Shui to the south; this confluence is known as San Shui Kou. The Han Shui further east converges with Yikou Shui, which originates from Yigu in the northern mountain and flows southeast to join the Han Shui. The Han Shui continues east until it reaches the southern side of Zhen Cheng, where it converges with Luogu Shui. The water originates from Luogu to the north, with the valley extending northward toward Chang'an. This stream flows south; on its right side, Zhen Shui joins it. The Zhen Shui springs from Xixi and flows southeast, merging into a single river that becomes turbulent as it exits south of the city, flowing southwest to join the Han Shui. The Han Shui again flows east past the southern side of Xiaochenggu; the seat of the state is Dachenggu, which was moved to the north of the county, hence it is called Xiaochenggu Cheng. One hundred and twenty li to the north is Xingshi Ban; Zhuge Liang marched out from Luogu, garrisoned at Xingshi, and established beacon towers here for illumination along the Han Shui. It flows east through Shangtao and then past Longxia. Here, hidden rocks create sudden rapids, with turbulent waters piling up in anger; thus the place is known for its Upper and Lower Tao names. Longxia is a place name. There are ancient tombs and ruins of qiu guo; this site was formerly called Longxiating. From Baima to here, the terrain is flat with fertile soil and abundant water; this area benefits all three Shu regions. Crossing this point and tracing back upstream along the Han River marks the beginning of mountain travel. The Han Shui flows further east, passing through Shimen Tan, a mountain gorge. It converges with You Shui to the east; this river originates from Yougu in Qinling Mountain to the north and flows south through mountain ranges, merging with Hanquan. The water flows east from Hanquan Ling; the spring gushes at the mountain peak, appearing to cross and spread horizontally like a waterfall. The cascading waves strike rocks, scattering like raindrops, resembling the pool of wind and rain in Yanyuan. This water flows westward into You Shui. The You Shui then turns south to flow into the Han, known as Youkou. The Han Shui flows further east through Gui Xu Tan. The "Shiben" says: "Shun resided at Guirui, in Xicheng Xian of Hanzhong." Some say that Gui Xu is located to the northwest and was where Shun resided. Some refer to it as Yao Xu, hence later generations bore the surname Yao or Gui. The difference between "Gui" and "Yao" is uncertain; its origin remains unknown. I have examined Ying Shao's remarks, which state that this location lies to the northwest of Xicheng. 略 The Han Shui flows further east and passes through Houjing Tan, where the mountains are filled with monkeys. They enjoy climbing precarious heights to drink water, hence this rapids is named after them. The Han Shui flows further east to pass the southern side of Xiao Huangjin and Da Huangjin. The mountains here feature a Huangjin Qiao cliff; on the north bank is Huangjin Gu, situated beside the mountain and leaning against the precipice, with a perilous seven-li winding path. The Di people raided Hanzhong, using this location as a garrison and blocking the area; it faces Tie Cheng (Iron City). One city is located on the mountain, capable of housing over one hundred people; one city lies at the foot of the mountain, accommodating about a hundred men. This name reflects the rugged terrain; thus, it was given names associated with gold and iron. In the past, Yang Nandang ordered Wei Xing Taishou Xue Jian to hold Huangjin and Jiang Bao to occupy Tie Cheng. The Song dynasty dispatched Qin Zhou Cishi Xiao Sihua to campaign westward; Sihua ordered Yinping Taishou Xiao Tan to attack and capture them. The rebels retreated along the You Shui River. The Han Shui flows further eastward to converge with Quchu Xi Kou. This stream originates from Jiugu in the north, located southwest of Chang'an; it flows south past the western side of Bachi Shu and then continues south past the eastern side of Yangdu Ban. The slope extends from top to bottom, winding through nineteen curves, connecting westward to Hanquan Ling.
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《漢中記》曰：自西城涉黃金峭、寒泉嶺、陽都坂，峻崿百重，絶壁萬尋，既造其峰，謂已踰崧岱，復瞻前嶺，又倍過之。言陟羊腸，超煙雲之際，顧看向塗，杳然有不測之險。山豐野牛、野羊，騰巖越嶺，馳走若飛，觸突樹木，十圍皆倒，山殫艮阻，地窮坎勢矣。其水南歷蘧蒢溪，謂之蘧蒢水，而南流注于漢，謂之蒢口。漢水又東，右會洋水，川流漫闊，廣幾里許。洋水導源巴山，東北流逕平陽城，《漢中記》曰：本西鄉縣治也。自成固南入三百八十里，距南鄭四百八十里。洋川者，漢戚夫人之所生處也。高祖得而寵之，夫人思慕本鄉，追求洋川米，帝為驛致長安，蠲復其鄉，更名曰縣。故又目其地為祥川，用表夫人載誕之休祥也。城即定遠矣。漢順帝永光七年，封班超以漢中郡南鄭縣之西鄉，為定遠侯，即此也。洋水又東北流入漢，謂之城陽水口也。漢水又東歷敖頭，舊立倉儲之所，傍山通道，水陸險湊，魏興安康縣治，有戍，統領流雜。漢水又東合直水，水北出子午谷岩嶺下，又南枝分，東注旬水。又南逕蓰閣下，山上有戍，置于崇阜之上，下臨深淵，張子房燒絶棧閣，示無還也。又東南歷直谷，逕直城西，而南流注漢。漢水又東逕直城南，又東逕千渡而至蝦蟇頧，歷漢陽、潕口而屆于彭溪、龍竈矣。竝溪澗灘磧之名也。漢水又東逕晉昌郡之寧都縣南，縣治松溪口。又東逕魏興郡廣城縣，縣治王谷。谷道南出巴獠，有鹽井，食之令人癭疾。漢水又東逕魚脯谷口，舊西城、廣城二縣，指此谷而分界也。The "Hanzhong Ji" says: "From Xicheng, crossing Huangjin Qiao, Hanquan Ling, and Yangdu Ban, the steep cliffs rise in hundreds of layers, with sheer walls stretching thousands of chi high. Upon reaching a peak, one feels as if having already surpassed Songshan and Taishan; yet upon looking ahead at the next mountain range, it appears even more formidable." It describes ascending narrow paths like a sheep's intestine, surpassing the realm of mist and clouds. Looking back at the path taken, it appears remote and filled with unpredictable dangers. The mountains are rich in wild cattle and sheep, which leap across rocks and cross ridges, galloping as if flying. They charge through trees, toppling even those with trunks ten wei wide. The terrain is exhausted by steep barriers, reaching the most extreme point of ruggedness. The water flows south through Quchu Xi, known as Quchu Shui, and then turns southward to join the Han River at a place called Chu Kou. The Han Shui flows further east; on its right, it converges with Yang Shui. The river is broad and wide, spanning nearly several li. Yang Shui originates from Bashan Mountain and flows northeast through Pingyang Cheng, as recorded in the "Hanzhong Ji," which states that it was originally the seat of Xixiang Xian. It is 380 li south from Chenggu and 480 li from Nanzheng to the south. Yang Chuan was the birthplace of Empress Qi, a concubine of Emperor Han Hui. Emperor Gaozu gained her favor and cherished her. The lady longed for her hometown and requested rice from Yang Chuan; the emperor arranged for it to be transported by relay station to Chang'an, exempted her hometown from taxes, and renamed it as a xian (county). Thus, the place was also called Xiang Chuan to honor the auspicious birth of this lady. The city is now Dingyuan. In the seventh year of Yongguang during the reign of Emperor Shun of Han, Ban Chao was enfeoffed with Xixiang in Nanzheng Xian of Hanzhou Jun as Duke Dingyuan Hou; this is precisely the place. The Yang Shui then flows northeast into the Han River, known as Chengyang Shuikou. The Han Shui flows further east passing Aotou, an old site for storing grain. It is situated along a mountain pass with perilous access by both land and water; it was the seat of Ankang Xian in Weixing, where garrisons were stationed to oversee diverse and mobile populations. The Han Shui flows further east where it converges with Zhi Shui, a river originating from the rock ridges beneath Ziwu Gu in the north. Another southern branch splits off and flows east into Xun Shui. It then flows south past Xige Xia. On the mountain, there was a garrison stationed on an elevated terrain overlooking a deep abyss; Zhang Zifang burned and destroyed the 栈阁 (zhàngé), indicating no return. It then flows southeast through Zhigu, passing west of Zhicheng, and turns south to flow into the Han Shui. The Han Shui then flows east past the south of Zhicheng, further east through Qiandu to reach Xama Chui. It passes through Hanyang and Wu Kou before reaching Pengxi and Longzao. These are all names of streams, gullies, rapids, and sandbars. The Han Shui then flows further east past the southern side of Ningdu Xian in Jinchang Jun; the seat of the xian was at Songxi Kou. It then flows further east through Guangcheng Xian, Weixing Jun, with its administrative center located in Wang Gu. The valley road leads south to Ba Liao, where there are salt wells; consuming the water causes goiter disease. The Han Shui then flows farther east through Yufu Gu Kou; the former Xicheng and Guangcheng xians used this valley as their boundary.
10 打開字典沔水:
又東過西城縣南，It then flows further east, passing south of Xicheng Xian.
11 打開字典沔水:
漢水又東逕鱉池而為鯨灘。鯨，大也。The Han Shui again flows east through Biechi and becomes Jing Tan. Jing means "large."
12 打開字典顯示相似段落沔水:
《蜀都賦》曰：流漢湯湯，驚浪雷奔，望之天迴，即之雲昬者也。漢水又東逕嵐谷北口，嶂遠溪深，澗峽險邃，氣蕭蕭以瑟瑟，風颼颼而飀飀。故川谷擅其目矣。漢水又東，右得大勢，勢阻急溪，故亦曰急勢也。依山為城，城周二里，在峻山上，梁州督護吉挹所治，苻堅遣偏軍韋鍾伐挹，挹固守二年，不能下，無援遂陷。漢水右對月谷口，山有坂月川，于中黃壤沃衍，而桑麻列植，佳饒水田。故孟達《與諸葛亮書》，善其川土沃美也。漢水又東逕西城縣故城南，《地理志》：故漢中郡之屬縣也。漢末為西城郡。建安二十四年，劉備以申儀為西城太守。儀據郡降魏，魏文帝改為魏興郡治，故西城縣之故城也。氐略漢川，梁州移治于此。城內有舜祠、漢高帝廟，置民九戶，歲時奉祠焉。漢水又東為鱣湍，洪波渀盪，漰浪雲頹。古耆舊言，有鱣魚奮鰭溯流，望濤直上，至此則暴鰓失濟，故因名湍矣。漢水又東合旬水，水北出旬山，東南流逕平陽戍下，與直水枝分東注。逕平陽戍入旬水。旬水又東南逕旬陽縣與柞水合，水西出柞溪，南流逕重巖堡，西屈而東流逕其堡南，東南注于旬水。旬水又東南逕旬陽縣南，縣北山有懸書崖，高五十丈，刻石作字，人不能上，不知所道。山下有石壇，上有馬跡五所，名曰馬跡山。旬水東南注漢，謂之旬口。漢水又東逕木蘭寨南，右岸有城，名伎陵城，周迴數里，左岸壘石數十行，重壘數十里，中謂是處為木蘭寨云。吳朝遣軍救孟達于此矣。漢水又東，左得育溪，興晉、旬陽二縣，分界于是谷。漢水又東合甲水口，水出秦嶺山，東南流逕金井城南，又東逕上庸郡北，與關祔水合。水出上洛陽亭縣北青泥西山，南逕陽亭聚西，俗謂之平陽水。南合豐鄉川水，水出弘農豐鄉東山，西南流逕豐鄉故城南。京相璠曰：南鄉淅縣有故鄷鄉，《春秋》所謂豐淅也。于《地理志》屬弘農。今屬南鄉。又西南合關祔水。關祔水又南入上津注甲水。甲水又東南逕魏興郡之興晉縣南，晉武帝太康中立。甲水又東，右入漢水。漢水又東為龍淵，淵上有胡鼻山，石類胡人鼻故也。下臨龍井渚，淵深數丈。漢水又東逕魏興郡之錫縣故城北，為白石灘。縣，故《春秋》之錫穴地也，故屬漢中，王莽之錫治也。縣有錫義山，方圓百里，形如城。四面有門，上有石壇，長十數丈，世傳列仙所居，今有道士被髮餌術，恒數十人。山高谷深，多生薇蘅草，其草有風不偃，無風獨搖。漢水又東逕長利谷南，入谷有長利故城，舊縣也。漢水又東歷姚方，蓋舜後枝居是處，故地留姚稱也。The Shu Du Fu says: "The Han River flows vast and mighty, its surging waves like thunder galloping; gazing at it makes the sky seem to turn, and approaching it makes clouds appear dark"—this is a description of it. The Han Shui then flows farthest east through the northern mouth of Lan Gu. The cliffs are distant, the streams deep, and the gullies narrow and perilously secluded; the atmosphere is desolate and rustling, with winds howling fiercely. Thus, this valley has earned its name. The Han Shui continues eastward and receives the Da Shi River on its right bank; the terrain blocks a swift stream, hence it is also called Ji Shi. The city was built along the mountain, with a circumference of two li. It was located on a steep hill and served as the administrative center for Ji Yi, the military governor of Liang Zhou. Fu Jian dispatched a contingent led by Wei Zhong to attack Yi. Yi held out in defense for two years before finally falling due to lack of reinforcements. To the right bank of the Han Shui is Yue Gu Kou. The mountains have Ban Yue Chuan, where yellow soil spreads fertilely; mulberry trees and hemp are planted in rows, with excellent paddy fields for irrigation. Hence Meng Da's letter to Zhuge Liang praised the fertile and beautiful land of this region. The Han Shui then flows further to the south of the old city of Xicheng Xian; according to Ge Li Zhi, it was a subordinate xian of Hanzhong Jun. In the late Han dynasty, it became Xicheng Jun. In the twenty-fourth year of Jianshan (219 AD), Liu Bei appointed Shen Yi as Tai Shou of Xicheng. Yi surrendered the jun to Wei, and Emperor Wen of Wei changed its name to Weixing Jun. This was the old city site of Xicheng Xian's former seat. When Di tribes raided Han Chuan, Liang Zhou moved its administrative center here. Inside the city were a temple of Shun and an ancestral shrine for Emperor Gaozu of Han; nine households of residents were assigned to perform seasonal sacrifices. The Han Shui further flows east and becomes Zhan Tuan, where the surging waves crash violently and the billowing rapids collapse like falling clouds. According to the old accounts of former residents, there were Zhan fish that would raise their fins and swim upstream against the waves. When they reached this spot, however, they would gasp in distress and fail to proceed further; thus, it was named Tuan. The Han Shui then flows further eastern to converge with Xun Shui, which originates from the north of Xun Shan and flows southeast through Pingyang Shu Xia. It branches off from Zhi Shui and flows eastward. It passes through Pingyang Shu before flowing into the Xun Shui. The Xun Shui then flows southeast through Xunyang Xian, where it converges with Zhuo Shui. The Zhuo Shui originates from the west of Zhuoxi and flows southward through Chongyan Bao. It turns westward before turning east again to pass south of its fortress, eventually flowing southeast into the Xun Shui. The Xun Shui flows further southeast through the southern side of Xunyang Xian. To the north of the xian, there is a cliff called Xuanshu Ya on the mountain; it stands fifty zhang high with carved characters on stone. No one can climb up to read them, and their meaning remains unknown. Beneath the mountain is a stone altar, and on it are five sets of horse hoof prints; this place is called Maji Shan. The Xun Shui flows southeast into the Han River at a location known as Xunkou. The Han Shui then flows to the south of Mulan Zhai. On its right bank is a city called Jiling Cheng, with walls stretching several li in circumference. On the left bank are dozens of rows of stone piles extending for tens of li; this area is referred to as Mulan Zhai within these descriptions. The Wu forces sent troops here to rescue Meng Da. The Han Shui flows farther east, where on its left bank it receives Yuxi; Xingjin and Xunyang xians used this valley as the boundary between them. The Han Shui then flows eastern to converge with Jiashuikou, a stream originating from Qinling Shan. It flows southeast through the south of Jinjing Cheng and further east past the north of Shangyong Jun, where it joins Guanfu Shui. The stream originates from the western mountains of Qingni in the north of Shangluoyangting Xian, flows south through the west of Yangting Ju, and is commonly called Pingyang Shui. It then flows south to converge with Fengxiang Chuan Shui, a stream originating from the eastern mountains of Fengxiang in Hongnong. It flows southwest through the southern side of old Fengxiang Cheng. Jing Xiangfan said: Nanxiang Xixian has an ancient Fengxiang, which is the "Feng Xi" mentioned in Chunqiu. According to Ge Li Zhi, it belonged to Hongnong. It now belongs to Nanxiang. It then converges with Guanfu Shui in the southwest. The Guanfu Shui flows south into Shangjin and joins Jiashui. Jiashui then flows southeast past the southern side of Xingjin Xian in Weixing Jun, which was established during the middle years of Taikang under Emperor Wu of Jin. Jiashui then continues eastward and flows into the Han Shui on its right bank. longrightarrow The Han Shui further to the east becomes Longyuan, with Hubi Shan located above the gully; its name is derived from the resemblance of the rocks to a "barbarian's nose." Below it lies Longjing Zhu, with depths reaching several zhang. The Han Shui then flows past the northern side of the old city site of Xi Xian in Weixing Ju, where it is known as Baishi Tan. The xian was the former "Xi Xue" region mentioned in Chunqiu; it belonged to Hanzhong and was known as Xi Zhi during the reign of Wang Mang. The xian has Xiyi Shan, a mountain covering an area of one hundred li in diameter and shaped like a city wall. It has four gates on its sides, and atop it is a stone altar several dozen zhang long. It is said to have been the dwelling place of immortals; today, there are still Taoist priests with shaven heads who cultivate elixirs, numbering in the dozens. The mountain is high and the valleys deep, with many growing Wei Heng Cao (a type of herb). This grass does not bend in the wind but sways independently when there is no breeze. The Han Shui then flows through the southern side of Changli Gu, where one can find the old city site of Changli; it was an ancient xian. The Han Shui then flows east through Yaofang, a place where descendants of Shun once settled; thus, the land retained the name Yao.