词条 彗发

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描述: 当彗星接近太阳时,冰质彗核中的部分固体物质会变成气体。这些气体主要是水蒸气,但也会含有其他化学物质,如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氨、甲烷和甲醇。这些气体和尘埃粒子一起环绕着彗核,像一团模糊的球形云,这就是彗星大气,或称彗发。随着彗星越来越接近太阳,越来越多的分子在太阳的紫外线光子作用下裂解,加热彗发,使其外部区域膨胀。最终,彗发的外部区域被电离,并形成彗星的离子尾。

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彗星

彗核

彗尾

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